Cancer Vaccine-ADJUVANT THERAPY

 Assumption 

The theoretical assumption is that,   neo-antigens in tumor cells are probably oncogenes which may be poorly presented on the cell surface. This could be due to low expression levels, or inappropriate interaction of cell-surface neo-antigens, with MHC II molecules, more specifically the  inhibitory peptide. This inhibitory peptide, could form unstable complexes with the neo-antigen and MHC II, resulting in failed neoantigen-presentation. Thus the tumor survivesthe   immunosurveillance process.

The tumor suppressor polypeptide (based on the amino acid sequence) could fold in such a way that it forms stable complexes with MHC II, that is not inhibited by the inhibitory peptide. This leads to proper antigen-presentation. In this instance, the tumor is targeted by the immune system (cell-defense mechanism) and gets eliminated.

A successful cancer vaccine would override the above biology, for example an adjuvant such as an emulsion, could cloak the inhibitory peptide in the case of a neo-antigen/oncogenic polypeptide resulting in stable complexes, that leads to successful antigen-presentation, and elimination of the tumor.

Therapy/Cure ensues.      

Cellular_Metastasis

THEORY Of METASTASIS  : (Metastatic Cancer is the NEMESIS) 

Tumorigenesis :

During tumor initiation, cells intially divide, to form a cluster of cells. This cell division, is based on the evolutionary theory of Darwin, i.e. natural selection.

Tumor cell circulation :

 These cluster of cells, circulate through blood in inhospitable environments, to newer sites. At the newer sites, they secrete tumor-suppressive molecules which block inhibitory factors, that prevent the seeding of cancer seed cells in newer environments. This leads to the hypothesis that the transcriptional machinery (involving RNA and transcriptional factors),  adsorbed by the promoters of tumor-suppressors. The assumption is that, the quantitative relation between oncogenes and tumor-suppressors is an inverse one. 

Metastasis :

With excessive levels of tumor suppressors, a negative feedback loop functions to prevent apoptosis (programmed cell death), of cells  in-order that cell survival ensues. This leads to the increase in levels of oncogenes to counteract the excessive levels of tumor-suppressors,that could be termed as ADAPTATION (Jean-Baptiste Lamarck; French Natural Philosopher); further increase in oncogenic levels/activity ensues, leading to cell division and and metastatic tumors at secondary sites. 

Nomenclature (Terminology)

This progress of events could be termed Dar-Lam-Da or alternatively Darwinian survival-Lamarckian Adaptation followed by Darwinian survival.          

 

(Lyrics):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4kzGhDEURA

Tumorigenesis-Tumor as a Condensate

 A tumor is like a condensate, analogous to the precipitation of de-differentiated cells. 

Differentiated cells, overcome some kind of energy barrier (Waddingtons epigenetic landscape) and de-differentiate from defined structure to an un-defined mass of cells.

These mass of cells lose their definitive interactions (epithelial mesenchymal transition) and condense to a solid mass.

Mapping the Mind

 In the psychology tradition, there are 16 personality types, based on the following characteristic traits in various permutations:

Introversion/Extroversion, Intuitive/Logical, Thinking/Feeling, Judging/Perceiving.

In the yoga tradition, there are three attributes of the mind: Sattva (Calmness/Balance), Rajas (Energy/Activity), Tamas (Dullness/Laziness).

In the Vedanta Tradition there are five sheaths from the depth to the surface: They are annamayakosha (food sheath), pranamayokosha (vital energy sheath), manomayakosha (mind sheath), vigyanmayokosha (intellect sheath), anandamayokosha (bliss sheath). 

The three gunas of Sattva, Rajas, Tamas belong to manomayokosha. These three gunas in various permutations are expressed as the personality types.

For example Introversion is correlated with Sattva, Extroversion with Rajas. Clear thinking with Sattva and feeling or emotions with Rajas; Judging with tamas and Perceiving with sattva. Intuitive,Logical both with Sattva. 

So an INTP (Introversion, Intuitive, Thinking, Perceiving) personality trait has the predominant qualities of Sattva.

The above-mentioned correlations can be used as a technique for mapping the human mind and its expression as personality traits.

Activity and Stillness

 Anaesthetic mediated stilling of brain activity versus non-anaesthetic mediated stillnes

 

The Prior - Consciousness expresses itself in and via dynamically functioning neurons.

The floor of a neuronal cell, consists of microtubules and actin filaments. The microtubules intercalate to form a dynamically functioning network, that expands and contracts according to cell activity. This is analogous to sarcomere filaments in contracting and expanding muscle.

The expansion and contraction of the microtubule filaments, lead to a rhythmic oscillation pattern, that manifests itself in a dynamically functioning neuronal cell, transmitting information via secreted neurotransmitters. In other words microtubules act upstream of nerve impulse transmission.

When anaesthesia is administered to a living organism, the anaesthetic treatment locks the intercalation, inhibiting nerve impulse transmission, resulting in progressive diminishment  of the rhythmic oscillation pattern of neuronal firing.

This anaesthesia mediated diminshment of neuronal firing, is different from stillness acquired through meditation. The anaesthetic treatment physically affects the neuronal network architecture, which leads to involuntary collapse of the brain. Meditation is the voluntary stilling of neuronal activity by affecting neurotransmitter mediated nerve firing, without affecting neuronal architecture.

The former leads to collapse of the living organism if administered in excess. The latter in the case of a human being, leads to illumination of mind activity in a still background, which in other words is called liberation of the mind via enlightenment

Bayesian Brain

 We humans possess a Bayesian brain, which implies that our prior memories/experiences/expectations determine our newer experience. It is a pre-conditioned brain that perceives.

This pre-conditioning is partly determined by the free energy principle which states that the difference in free energy between our prior brain states and brain states following the particular experience  that is the least, is the one that is selected and retained as an experience/memory. This difference in free energy could be alternatively termed, "minimize surprise". 

For further reading:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIu_dJGyIQI&t=35s

 

Hologram of CD markers on cell surfaces

 The CD markers (Cluster of Differentiation) pertaining to cells of the immune system, that are on the cell surface are depicted in textbooks in a linear array.

But a cell has a 3-Dimensional geometry. Thus the arrangement of CD markers exhibits topological features, and it is a misnomer to name it as a cluster.Rather name them as differentiation markers, or more specifically, an Array of Differentiation markers (AD markers). This points to a matrix-like arrangement of cell surface markers as compared to a linear array.

Depending on the sequence of connecting the dots, a different network of markers emerge.  Similarly, a different set of CD markers on various cell types will have different 3D topological arrangements. This is simiar to a country with different cities lighted up. Cells to Cities ---> FRACTALS.