Wednesday, 22 May 2024

Hologram of CD markers on cell surfaces

 The CD markers (Cluster of Differentiation) pertaining to cells of the immune system, that are on the cell surface are depicted in textbooks in a linear array.

But a cell has a 3-Dimensional geometry. Thus the arrangement of CD markers exhibits topological features, and it is a misnomer to name it as a cluster.Rather name them as differentiation markers, or more specifically, an Array of Differentiation markers (AD markers). This points to a matrix-like arrangement of cell surface markers as compared to a linear array.

Depending on the sequence of connecting the dots, a different network of markers emerge.  Similarly, a different set of CD markers on various cell types will have different 3D topological arrangements. This is simiar to a country with different cities lighted up. Cells to Cities ---> FRACTALS.





 

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