Assumption
The theoretical assumption is that, neo-antigens in tumor cells are probably oncogenes which may be poorly presented on the cell surface. This could be due to low expression levels, or inappropriate interaction of cell-surface neo-antigens, with MHC II molecules, more specifically the inhibitory peptide. This inhibitory peptide, could form unstable complexes with the neo-antigen and MHC II, resulting in failed neoantigen-presentation. Thus the tumor survivesthe immunosurveillance process.
The tumor suppressor polypeptide (based on the amino acid sequence) could fold in such a way that it forms stable complexes with MHC II, that is not inhibited by the inhibitory peptide. This leads to proper antigen-presentation. In this instance, the tumor is targeted by the immune system (cell-defense mechanism) and gets eliminated.
A successful cancer vaccine would override the above biology, for example an adjuvant such as an emulsion, could cloak the inhibitory peptide in the case of a neo-antigen/oncogenic polypeptide resulting in stable complexes, that leads to successful antigen-presentation, and elimination of the tumor.
Therapy/Cure ensues.
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